Let us know Islam ||| What are Sunnah, Wajibaat and Fard in Salat ?

The Question

asak..

1)can a women pray by putting hair bun(juda)?

2)if my child is continously crying and im offering salah can i lift him and offer salah ?if im in haram at that time he starts crying continously by listening loud voice this may disturb others so can i lift him or pat his back?

3)what are sunnah, wajibaat ,and fard in namaz?like it is fard in nanz that the body should be clean, place should be clean.......please describe it and also when to do sajde sahw?

Answer

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

1) It is permissible for a woman to perform salat with a hair bun as long as her hair is completely covered during salat.

2) In principle, according to the Hanafi Madhab, aml-e-katheer (excessive actions) invalidates the salat. Aml-e-katheer takes place when both hands are being used for an action not inclusive in salat at once, for example, if one adjusts his topi using both hands at the same time, or if one hand is used three or more times in a rukn (posture) of salat. Therefore, if one holds a child in salat, aml-e-katheer is likely to occur (for example, if one puts the child down or picks him up while in salat with both hands), and that would invalidate the salat.

It is best to leave the child at home with the mother. This way you will not have to worry about him while praying salat in the masjid. Not only would it be a distraction to you, but to other worshippers as well. If it is not possible to leave the child with the mother, then it will be permissible to pray salat while carrying him out of necessity. However, if aml-e-katheer occurs at any time in salat, then the prayer will be invalid. 

فأما حمل الصبي بدون الإرضاع فلا يوجب فساد الصلاة

لما روي : [ أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم كان يصلي في بيته وقد حمل أمامة بنت أبي العاص على عاتقه فكان إذا سجد وضعها وإذا قام رفعها ] ثم هذا الصنيع لم يكره منه صلى الله عليه و سلم لأنه كان محتاجا إلى ذلك لعدم من يحفظها أو لبيانه الشرع بالفعل أن هذا غير موجب فساد الصلاة ومثل هذا في زماننا أيضا لا يكره لواحد منا لو فعل ذلك عند الحاجة أما بدون الحاجة فمكروه

(Badaai' Al-Sanai', Vol. 1, P. 553, Darul kutub Deoband)

إذا حك ثلاثاً في ركن واحد ، تفسد صلاته ، هذا إذا رفع يده في كل مرة ، أما إذا لم يرفع في كل مرة ، فلا تفسد . و لو كان الحك مرةً واحدةً ، يكره ، كذا في الخلاصة.

(Fatawa Alamgiree, Vol. 1, P. 104, Rashidiyya)

(Fathul Mulhim, Vol. 3, P. 387-388, Darul Alqa, Dimashq)

3) This will be divided into five parts:

a) Conditions before salat

b) Fard in salat

c) Wajibs in salat

d) Sunnats in salat

e) Sajda Sahw



a) There are eight conditions for salat:

1-To perform wudu if necessary

2-To make ghusl if necessary

3-Taharah (purity) of the entire body and clothing

4-Taharah of the place where salat will be performed

5-To face the Qibla

6-Covering the satr (from the navel to the knees for men)

7-Intention of salat

8-Performing salat in their prescribed times



b) There are six faraaid in salat:

1-Takbeer Tahreemah (opening takbeer)

2-Qiyaam (standing position)

3-Qira'ah (recitation of at least one long ayah or three short ayahs of the Quran)

4-Ruku

5-Sajdah

6-Qa'dah Akheerah (Sitting at the end so one can recite tashahhud)



c) There are fourteen waajibaat in salat:

1-To recite qira'ah in the first two raka'h of the fard salat

2-To recite Sura Al-Fatihah in all the rak'ah of every salat except in the third and fourth raka'h of a fard salat

3-To recite a surah, one long ayah, or three short ayahs after Sura Al-Fatiha in the first two rak'ah of the fard salat and in all of the rak'ah of wajib, sunnah, and nafl salats

4-To recite Sura Al-Fatiha before the sura, long ayah, or three short ayahs

5-To maintain the order between qira'ah, ruku, sajdah, and raka'h

6-Qaumah (standing after ruku)

7-Jalsah (sitting between the two sajdas)

8-To perform salat with tranquility

9-Observing qa'dah oola (sitting and saying tashahhud after two rakats in the prayers which are three or four raka'h)

10-To recite tashahhud in both sittings

11-For the imam to recite qira'ah loudly during maghrib, isha, fajr, jumma, eid prayers, taraweeh, and all three raka'h of witr in Ramadan

13-To say takbeer for qunoot in witr salat and to recite dua-e-qunoot

14-To say six additional takbeers in both eid salats



d) There are twenty-one sunnats in salat:

1-To raise the hands up to the ears before saying takbeer-e-tahreemah

2-While raising the hands for takbeer, keep the fingers of both hands raised and the palms facing the Qibla

3-Not to bend the head when saying takbeer

4-The saying of takbeer-e-tahreemah and other takbeers loud by the imam according to the need, while going from one rukn (posture) to the other

5-To fold the right hand over the left below the navel

6-Reciting thanna

7-To recite ta'awwuz

8-To recite tasmiyya

9-To recite only Sura Al-Fatiha in the third and fourth raka'h of the fard salat

10-To say ameen softly after Sura Al-Fatiha

11-To recite thanna, ta'awwuz, tasmiyya, and ameen softly

12-To recite as much qira'ah as is sunnah in every salat

13-To say tasbeeh at least three times each in ruku' and in sajda

14-To keep the head and back at the same level while holding the knees with fingers of both hands in ruku'

15-For the imam to say "SamiAllahu Liman Hamida" in qawmah and the followers to say "Rabbana Lakal Hamd" (one performing salat alone should say both)

16-While going into sajda, first place the knees on the ground, followed by the palms, nose, then forehead

17-In qa'dah and jalsa position, to place the left foot on the ground horizontally and sitting upon it while raising the right foot vertically so that the toes are facing the qibla. Both palms should rest on the thighs, not the knees.

18-To raise the index finger of the right hand as one says "Ash haddu Alla Illaha" in tashahhud

19-To recite Durud in qa'dah akheerah after tashahhud

20-To recite dua after durud

21-To turn the face right first for salaam, then left


e) The method of performing sajda sahw is that after reciting tashahhud in the last raka'h, one should make salaam to the right only then perform two sajdas. Thereafter, recite tashahhud once again, followed by durud and dua. Make both salaams thereafter to end the salat. (Ta'leem Al-Haq, P. 111-123, Da'watul Haq)

And Allah knows best
Wassalam
Ml. Asif Umar,
Student Darul Iftaa

Checked and Approved by:
Mufti Ebrahim Desai
Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In'aamiyyah

Great Reward for Jamm’at ||| Salat

Jamm’at is when muslims gather to make salat in which one is the Imam who leads and the rest are muqtadee who follow him; there is great reward for jamm’at.

1) Sayeduna Anas (Raji.) narrates that 

the Beloved Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever reads Salat with Jamm’at for forty days with the first takbeer * ; two salvations will be written for him: one from hell and one from hypocrisy.”

2) Sayeduna Abdullah bin Umar (Raji.) narrates that

the Beloved Prophet ﷺ said, “Salat with Jamm’at is twenty-seven times greater than salat prayed alone.”

3) Imam Muhammad Gazali (Rahmatullahi Alaih) says, “Salat was so important to our salafsaliheen pious predecessors that if they missed the first takbeer they would mourn for three days and if anyone missed jamm’at then they would mourn for seven days.” (Mukashifatol Quloob)

4) Sayeduna Maymoon bin Mahraan (Rahmatullahi Alaih) came to the masjid. He was told that the jamm’at has finished. Upon hearing this, he sadly said, “The fazilat(auspiciousness) of this [jamm’at] is better than ruling over Iraq .” (Mukashifatul Quloob)

5) Sayeduna Abu Hurairah (Raji.) narrates that the Beloved Prophet ﷺ said, “If the people knew what was in the [calling of] Azaan and [being a part of] the first saf [row of jamm’at] then they would not get it without drawing names. So they would draw names [i.e., they would compete for the honor of these two acts]. (Bukhari)

Thoughts and Points

6) Jamm’at is compulsory for every sane and mature man who has the ability to pray salah. It is very important for the people living in the vicinity of the masjid to attend the jamm’at.

7) To move closer to a masjid or madarsa with the intention of getting Jamm’at is a very commendable action. May Allah give us the taufeeq to keep our Masjids and Madarsas filled. In fact, keep this in mind when moving or buying a house.

8) If you live so far that you can not drive or walk to the masjid or madarsa comfortably then make time to come for jamm’at atleast once or twice a day or week or more[based on distance and means of travel] to atleast earn the reward of coming for and praying with jamm’at.

10) One should not think ‘I can’t make it for Jamm’at, I am too busy with school or work and family, this if from the Shaitan or our ill-Consciouss. If you make the intention and effort, Allah-willing, the hardships will go away.

11) Stand in the saf (rows) shoulder to shoulder so that there is no space left imbetween.

12) To wait for Salat has been called “Salat,” so be punctual for the Salat.

* First takbeer which is also called Takbeerul Tahreema

Hadith on Salat ||| How As-Salat (the Prayer)

Hadith on Salat:

There is a way to get the benefit of divine justice directly from Allah, and fulfill the commandments of Allah in the dialects of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Among them, the most important and basic work is the Prayer(Salat). 

Chapter: 

How As-Salat (the Prayer) was prescribed on the night of Al-Isra (miraculous night journey) of the Prophet (pbuh) to Jerusalem (and then to the heavens)

Narrated Abu Dhar (Raji.)

Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "While I was at Holy Makkah the roof of my house was opened and Gabriel descended, opened my chest, and washed it with Zamzam water. Then he brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith and having poured its contents into my chest, he closed it. 

Then he took my hand and ascended with me to the nearest heaven, when I reached the nearest heaven, Gabriel said to the gatekeeper of the heaven, 'Open (the gate).' The gatekeeper asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel answered: 'Gabriel.' He asked, 'Is there anyone with you?' Gabriel replied, 'Yes, Muhammad I is with me.' He asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel said, 'Yes.' 

So the gate was opened and we went over the nearest heaven and there we saw a man sitting with some people on his right and some on his left. When he looked towards his right, he laughed and when he looked toward his left he wept. Then he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious son.' I asked Gabriel, 'Who is he?' He replied, 'He is Adam and the people on his right and left are the souls of his offspring. Those on his right are the people of Paradise and those on his left are the people of Hell and when he looks towards his right he laughs and when he looks towards his left he weeps.' 

Then he ascended with me till he reached the second heaven and he (Gabriel) said to its gatekeeper, 'Open (the gate).' The gatekeeper said to him the same as the gatekeeper of the first heaven had said and he opened the gate. 

Anas (Raji) said: "Abu Dhar (Raji) added that 

the Prophet ﷺ met Adam, Idris, Moses, Jesus and Abraham, he (Abu Dhar) did not mention on which heaven they were but he mentioned that he (the Prophet ﷺ ) met Adam on the nearest heaven and Abraham on the sixth heaven. 

Anas (Raji) said, 

"When Gabriel along with the Prophet ﷺ passed by Idris, the latter said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious brother.' 

The Prophet ﷺ asked, 'Who is he?' 

Gabriel replied, 'He is Idris." 

The Prophet ﷺ added, "I passed by Moses and he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious brother.' 

I asked Gabriel, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Moses.' 

Then I passed by Jesus and he said, 'Welcome! O pious brother and pious Prophet.' 

I asked, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Jesus. 

Then I passed by Abraham and he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious son.' 

I asked Gabriel, 'Who is he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Abraham. 

The Prophet ﷺ added, 'Then Gabriel ascended with me to a place where I heard the creaking of the pens." 

Ibn Hazm and Anas bin Malik (Raji.) said: 

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Then Allah enjoined fifty prayers on my followers 

when I returned with this order of Allah, I passed by Moses who asked me, 'What has Allah enjoined on your followers?' I replied, 'He has enjoined fifty prayers on them.' 

Moses said, 'Go back to your Lord (and appeal for reduction) for your followers will not be able to bear it.' (So I went back to Allah and requested for reduction) and He reduced it to half. 

When I passed by Moses again and informed him about it, he said, 'Go back to your Lord as your followers will not be able to bear it.' So I returned to Allah and requested for further reduction and half of it was reduced. 

I again passed by Moses and he said to me: 'Return to your Lord, for your followers will not be able to bear it. So I returned to Allah and He said, 'These are five prayers and they are all (equal to) fifty (in reward) for My Word does not change.' 

I returned to Moses and he told me to go back once again. I replied, 'Now I feel shy of asking my Lord again.' Then Gabriel took me till 

we '' reached Sidrat-il-Muntaha (Lote tree of; the utmost boundary) which was shrouded in colors, indescribable. 

Then I was admitted into Paradise where I found small (tents or) walls (made) of pearls and its earth was of musk."

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 349
In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 1
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 8, Hadith 345

(deprecated numbering scheme)

Hadith On Salat ||| Prayers,Faith

Hadith On Salat

There is a way to get the benefit of divine justice directly from Allah, and fulfill the commandments of Allah in the dialects of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Among them,

the most important and basic work is the Prayer(Salat).

Prayers,Faith

Narrated Anas (Raji.)

Bilal was commanded (by the Apostle of Allah) to repeat (the phrases of) Adhan twice and once in Iqama. The narrator said: I made a mention of it before Ayyub who said: Except for saying: Iqamat-is-salat [the time for prayer has come].

Sahih Muslim/Chapter No: 4, Prayers (Kitab Al-Salat)/Hadith no: 736/Relevance: 10.206

Narrated Abu Zubair (Raji.)

that he heard Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Raji.)saying. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ observing this: Between man and polytheism and unbelief is the abandonment of salat.

Sahih Muslim/Chapter No: 1, Faith (Kitab Al Iman)/Hadith no: 147/Relevance: 10.039

Hadith On Salat ||| Belief

Hadith On Salat

There is a way to get the benefit of divine justice directly from Allah, and fulfill the commandments of Allah in the dialects of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Among them, 

the most important and basic work is the Prayer(Salat).

Belief

Ibn Umar (Raji.)Narrated -Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: "I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Messenger of Allah, and perform as-Salat [perform as-Salat(prayers)] and give zakat (obligatory charity) so if they perform all that, then they save their lives and properties from me except for Islamic laws, and their reckoning (accounts) will be with (done by) Allah."

Sahih al-Bukhari/Chapter No: 2, Belief/Hadith no: 25/Relevance: 13.767

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Salatul Tasbih

For forgiveness of All Sins

Benefits of Salat-Ul-Tasbih

Our Beloved Prophet Mohammed (Sallallaho Alihiwassallam) said to his uncle (father’s brother) Sayyiduna Abbass (may Allah be pleased with him) Oh uncle shall I not give you Shall I not grant you Shall I not award you Shall I not do mercy on you When you do 10 things Allah will forgive your sins: of the future and of the past; new and old; those you have forgotten and those you did knowingly; big and small; hidden and revealed. Then he (Sallallaho Alihiwassallam) explained the taught the way to pray Salatul Tasbih and then said if you can pray this salah once a day, if you can not pray once a day then every Friday, and even if this is not possible then once a month and even if this is not possible then once a year and even if this is not possible then at least once in a lifetime (Abu’Dawood & Tirimzi)
How to perform Salatul Tasbih?
This salaat (namaz) is offered in four rakat at a time and can be read in any part of the day and night besides Zawal and Sunrise and Sunset makrooh times, keeping in mind the forbidden times for performing Salat (namaaz). But is is preferred before Zuhr (Fatawa Alamgeeri)
The Tasbih to be read in Salaat-Ul-Tasbeeh:
" Subhaan Allahi Wal Hamdulillahi Wa Laa ilaha illal Laahu Wallahu Akbar "
Method:
Goal is to recite above Tasbih 300 times in Four Rakah with the following method.
In the first rakaat, after reading Sana "Subhaana Kallahumma...", read the above tasbih 15 times.
Now recite Aaoz "Aoozubillah...", Bismillah "Bismillah...", Then read sura Fatiha and a Surah or minimum of three small Ayayhs then read the tasbih 10 times again.
Go to ruku saying Takbeer (Allah Hoo Akbar), after reciting "Subhaana Rabbiyal Azeem" minimum of three times read the tasbih 10 times in Ruku.
Saying "Samee Allahu Liman Hamidah Rabbana Lakal Hamdh" get up from ruku to qiyam position.
Now read the tasbih 10 times.
Go to Sajdah saying Takbeer (Allah Hoo Akbar) and after reciting "Subhaana Rabbiyal A'la" minimum of three times read the tasbih 10 times in Sajdah.
Now go after first Sajdah go to Jalsa (sitting position) saying Takbeer (Allah Hoo Akbar). Sitting in Jalsa read tasbih 10 times.
Go to sajda again saying Takbeer (Allah Hoo Akbar) and after reciting "Subhaana Rabbiyal A'la" minimum of three times read the tasbih 10 times in Sajdah again.
Get up to begin 2nd rakat saying Takbeer (Allah Hoo Akbar).
Do rakah #2 in same fashion, but before reading Bismillah "Bismillah...", and Surah Fatiha, read the tasbih 15 times. Follow the rest as you did in first Rakat.
After second Sajdah of Second Rakat sit in Qaidah Oola (first sitting) read Attahiyat, Durood and Dua then get up for 3rd rakaat without saying Salam.
Begin third Rakat, just like the first Rakat, with Sana "Subhaana Kallahumma...", read the above tasbih 15 times. Follow the rest as you did in first Rakat untill you sit for Qaidah Akihra (last sitting) after second sajdah of fourth Rakah.
In Qaidah Akihra Attahiyat, Durood, Dua finish Salah with Salam.
Special notes for Salat-Ul-Tasbih:
1) Do not count loudly. It will break Salah
2) Do not count on fingers or by holding a Bead Tasbih in hand. It is Makruh.
3) You may count by pressing the fingers as a reminder. For example if you are in Ruku. You me press pinky of your right hand first for the first count, then the finger next to it for second count, then the middle finger for third count, following this method untill you reach the pinky of left hand will give you an exact count of ten. Use the same method in Qayam, Sajdah and Jalsa.
4) If missed a count then make it up in the next posture. For example if forgot to recite Tasbih after Surah in Qayam. Then you may recite Tasbish 20 times instead of 10 in Rukuh after "Subhaana Rabbiyal Azeem". Missed Tasbih cannot be recited in Qayam after ruku and Jalsa between Sajdah. If you missed the Tasbih in Ruku then recite 20 in the first Sajdah instead of the Qayam after rukuh. Similarly if missed the Tasbih in first Sajdah then do not make it up in Jalsa. Instead recite missed tasbih in the second Sajdah. If Tasbih has been missed in last sajdah of second or fourth Rakah then you can recite the missed ones before Attahiyat in Qaidah.
5) If you miss a wajib in Salah and have to do Sajdah Sahaw. You dont have to recite Tasbih in Sajdah sahoo, since the 300 count has been estalished. But if you had missed Tasbih in any of the postures and remeber it now. Then you may recite the missed Tasbih in Sajdah Sahaw now.
6) It is preferable to recite after Surah Fatiha Sura Takathuur in the first raka’, Surah Wal A’sr in the second raka’, Surah Kaferoon (qul ya aiyuhal Kafiroon) in the third and Surah Akhlas (Qul hu Allah-hu ahd) in the fourth raka’. If one does not remember these surah they can recite the ones they prefer.
May Allah accept this dua’ (supplication) for the sake of the trustworthy PROPHET MOHAMMED (Allah’s Grace & Peace be upon him)

Islamic Academy